Irritable bowel syndrome endoscopically identifiable from mucosal biofilms
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Researchers from the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna have now shown that, in most cases, IBS is associated with bacterial biofilms in the gut that are visible under endoscopic examination.
Many diseases caused by a dysregulated immune system, such as allergies, asthma and autoimmunity, can be traced back to events in the first few months after birth. To date, the mechanisms behind the development of the immune system have not been fully understood. Now, researchers at Karolinska Institutet show a connection between breast milk, beneficial gut bacteria and the development of the immune system. The study is published in Cell.
Researchers from Osaka University, along with international collaborators in Europe, have identified Thrombospondin-2 as a serum biomarker that confirms and stratifies the progressive complications of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. This research may form the basis of a new noninvasive approach that can provide an early warning system for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and advanced fibrosis and may predict progression to cirrhosis, liver failure and even cancer.
CLEVELAND: New findings from Cleveland Clinic researchers show for the first time that the gut microbiome impacts stroke severity and functional impairment following stroke. The results, published in Cell Host & Microbe, lay the groundwork for potential new interventions to help treat or prevent stroke. The research was led by Weifei Zhu, Ph.D., and Stanley Hazen, M.D., Ph.D., of Cleveland Clinic's Lerner Research Institute.
According to AJR, high-dose intranodal lymphangiography with ethiodized oil is a safe and effective procedure for treating high-output postsurgical chylothorax with chest tube removal in 83% of patients. Previously, no data were available on the safety or benefits of injecting higher doses of ethiodized oil to treat patients with refractory postoperative chylothorax. No early or late clinically relevant complications, including symptomatic pulmonary or paradoxical embolism, were recorded for any of the patients.
To improve drug delivery for diseases that affect tubular organs, like eosinophilic esophagitis and inflammatory bowel disease, a multidisciplinary team from Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) designed a stretchable stent based on the principles of kirigami that is capable of supporting rapid deposition of drug depots.
Medical University of South Carolina researchers have discovered a gatekeeper protein that destines developing cells in an embryo to become liver cells. It exposes the genetic material of the cells and marks them as 'ready' for differentiation, i.e., transformation into liver cells, when developmental conditions are right. The findings, published in Cell Reports, could help scientists to better understand why liver cells do not develop correctly in children with inherited liver diseases.
Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) do not appear to have increased risk of side effects from the Pfizer or Moderna COVID-19 vaccines, according to a recent Cedars-Sinai study published online and upcoming in print in the American Journal of Gastroenterology. In fact, those being treated with advanced immune-modifying therapies may experience them less often than the general population.
A new study at the University of Chicago has determined that restoring a single microbial species -- Bacteroides sp. CL1-UC (Bc) -- to the gut microbiome at a key developmental timepoint can prevent antibiotic-induced colitis in a mouse model of the condition.
Travelers abroad may pick up bacteria and other vectors containing genes conferring antimicrobial resistance which remain in the gut when returning to their home country, according to a study published in Genome Medicine.